Military service places extraordinary physical demands on the body, and for many veterans, those impacts don’t end when service does. Chronic neck and back pain are among the most common long-term challenges veterans face. Research shows that veterans carry a disproportionate burden of spinal pain compared to nonveterans and that their neck and back pain are more likely to become chronic and to be severe or activity-limiting. Understanding why this happens—and how best to treat it—is essential to supporting veterans’ health and quality of life.
Why Do Veterans Experience More Neck and Back Pain?
Military training and combat environments put immense stress on the body. Some key factors contributing to chronic pain in veterans include:
1. Heavy Gear and Physical Strain
Service members routinely carry over 100 pounds of gear, including body armor, backpacks, and weapons. This repeated strain can lead to:
- Spinal compression, increasing the risk of degenerative disc disease.
- Chronic muscle strain, leading to long-term mobility issues.
- Joint damage, which can cause persistent back pain even after service.
2. High-Impact Training and Combat Injuries
Parachute landings, obstacle courses, and combat maneuvers increase the risk of:
- Acute injuries that develop into chronic pain.
- Herniated discs and nerve damage, which worsen over time.
- Blast-related trauma, leading to whiplash-like injuries affecting the neck and upper back.
- Microtraumas from repetitive stress, accumulating over years of service.
3. Prolonged Postures and Occupational Hazards
Many military roles require long hours in armored vehicles, aircraft cockpits, or rigid standing positions. These unnatural postures can lead to:
- Degenerative disc disease and chronic stiffness.
- Increased lumbar spine pressure, especially for pilots, tank operators, and machine gunners.
The Long-Term Effects – Chronic Pain After Service
Pain from service-related injuries often persists long after retirement, leading to:
- Spinal arthritis from years of joint wear and tear.
- Nerve compression due to herniated discs or spinal misalignment.
- Chronic inflammation, causing persistent discomfort and limited mobility.
- Mental health challenges (PTSD, depression) that amplify pain perception and complicate treatment.
Studies show a strong connection between chronic pain and mental health disorders in veterans, increasing disability rates among retired service members.
Treatment Options for Veterans with Chronic Pain
Veterans need access to specialized treatments and support systems to manage pain and improve their quality of life.
1. VA Healthcare and Pain Management Programs
- Physical therapy, chiropractic care, and pain clinics available through the VA.
- Alternative therapies like acupuncture, massage, and yoga are increasingly offered.
- Multidisciplinary pain management programs that combine medical, psychological, and physical therapy approaches for holistic treatment.
2. Programs Outside of the VA System
- Many providers outside of the VA System are available to treat veterans who either do not have access to care within the VA System or are looking for alternative options.
- The stress of military service on the body is similar to that of a professional athlete. Providers who specialize in caring for both of these types of athletes understand their unique needs.
3. Medications vs. Non-Pharmacological Treatments
- While NSAIDs and muscle relaxants offer temporary relief, long-term reliance on opioids can be risky.
- Non-medication approaches such as:
- Strength training & postural exercises to support the spine.
- Mindfulness-based stress reduction to manage pain perception.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy to help veterans cope with chronic pain.
Prevention & At-Home Strategies for Veterans
For active-duty service members and transitioning veterans, preventing and managing back pain is essential. Here are strategies to reduce pain and improve mobility:
Daily Habits for Back & Neck Health
- Proper lifting techniques and core-strengthening exercises to protect the spine.
- Daily stretching & mobility work to prevent stiffness.
- Ergonomic adjustments at work and home to reduce strain.
- Supportive devices (lumbar cushions, orthopedic mattresses) for spinal relief.
- Low-impact activities (swimming, walking) to maintain flexibility and strength.
- Mind-body techniques (tai chi, yoga) to improve posture, balance, and muscle relaxation.
- Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce spinal pressure.
- Hydration & nutrition—anti-inflammatory diets rich in omega-3s, antioxidants, and lean proteins can promote muscle and joint health.
- Early intervention—treating minor aches before they become chronic can prevent long-term complications.
Take Home Message
Chronic back and neck pain are often an overlooked consequence of military service—but it doesn’t have to be a lifelong struggle. By understanding the causes and seeking the right treatments, veterans can regain control of their health and well-being.
If you or a loved one is struggling with chronic pain, reach out to a healthcare provider or the VA for support.
